How to setup `static` ip address in Raspberry Pi | LinuxGist

• Introduction
  • Setting Up a Static IP Address in Raspberry Pi
    • Prerequisites
    • Steps to Set a Static IP Address on Raspberry Pi
  • Alternative: Using ifconfig (Deprecated)
    • Example Output
• Conclusion

Introduction

An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a unique identifier assigned to each device on a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. An IP address consists of four numbers separated by dots, each ranging from 0 to 255.

For example: 192.168.1.100

Setting Up a Static IP Address in Raspberry Pi

When you connect your Raspberry Pi to a network, it can either receive an IP address dynamically (from the DHCP server) or statically. A static IP address provides more control and predictability.

Prerequisites

• A Raspberry Pi running a Debian-based operating system (e.g., Raspbian).
• An internet connection.
• Administrator access to your Raspberry Pi.

Steps to Set a Static IP Address on Raspberry Pi

1. Log in to Your Raspberry Pi

   Connect to your Raspberry Pi either via SSH, directly through the console, or using a monitor and keyboard.

2. Open Terminal

3. Edit the Network Configuration File

   For Raspbian (or similar Debian-based systems), you can edit the network configuration file for your Ethernet or Wi-Fi interface.

   • For dhcpcd (most common):

     sudo vi /etc/dhcpcd.conf
     

   • For NetworkManager (if you’re using it):

     sudo vi /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/your-connection-name
     

4. Configure the Static IP Address

   Depending on which file you edited, follow these steps:

   • For dhcpcd.conf:

     Add or modify the following lines for your Ethernet interface (usually eth0):

     interface eth0
     static ip_address=192.168.1.100/24
     static routers=192.168.1.1
     static domain_name_servers=192.168.1.1 8.8.8.8
     

     Replace eth0 with your interface name if it’s different (e.g., wlan0 for Wi-Fi).

   • For NetworkManager:

     Add the following lines under the [ipv4] section in your connection file:

     [ipv4]
     method=manual
     address1=192.168.1.100/24,192.168.1.1
     dns=192.168.1.1;8.8.8.8;
     

5. Save and Exit

6. Restart the Network Service

   Apply the changes by restarting the network service:

   sudo systemctl restart dhcpcd  # For dhcpcd
   

   Or for NetworkManager:

   sudo nmcli connection reload
   sudo nmcli connection up your-connection-name
   

7. Verify Configuration

   Check if the IP address has been set correctly by running:

   ip addr show eth0  # Replace eth0 with your interface name
   

   You should see the static IP address you configured.

Alternative: Using ifconfig (Deprecated)

In older versions of Raspbian, you might use ifconfig, but this is deprecated in newer systems. The above steps using dhcpcd or NetworkManager are more modern and recommended practices.

Example Output

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether b8:27:eb:XX:XX:XX brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.100/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic eth0
       valid_lft 86399sec preferred_lft 86399sec
    inet6 fe80::ba27:ebff:feb8:xxxx/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

In this output, inet under eth0 shows the static IP address you configured.

Conclusion

By following these steps, you have successfully set a static IP address on your Raspberry Pi. This ensures that your device always has the same IP address on the network, making it easier to access and manage.